FRESH COWS GET SPECIAL ATTENTION

  

Herd health and cow fertility are major problems on dairy farms and cow management during the transition period and early lactation often get the blame.  It therefore sounds very sensible to focus on this critical time and give this group of cows some special attention. Many herds are now forming a group of freshly calved cows and offer a ration to promote better health and fertility rather than a ration to promote milk production at all cost.

Harry and Chris Corbett, farming at Epwell in Oxfordshire started a freshly calved group of cows in September. This was a peak calving period and they soon had a group of 40 cows. With this number of cows it is quite straightforward to feed a separate ration but even in January 2012 when the group size fell below twenty cows both Harry and Chris were keen to keep the system going.The ration provided to the fresh group is formulated with a reduced protein level which does not drive milk production at the expense of body condition. The fresh cow group will therefore maintain a higher condition score and is likely to be beneficial for fertility.The fresh cow ration was formulated using the same feeds as the bulk of the herd but included a higher level of Maize silage and a specially formulated Fresh Cow pellet to hit the correct specification targets. During the first 14 days after calving the ration consisted solely of this TMR mix (Table 1), plus one kilogram of Foragemaster 18 fed in the parlour. From 14 days after calving the level of parlour feed was increased slowly according to yield until they were moved out into the main group at around a month from calving with as many compatriots as possible to reduce bullying. 

From the outset of forming a fresh cow group both Harry and Chris were conscious that they were experiencing fewer problems during this period and as the cows were moved it was very clear that the condition on the whole was good. In respect of fertility it is obviously too early to make too many comments although according to Harry and Chris bulling activity was far greater than it had been in the past.

 The feeding of a lower protein ration to the fresh cow holds down the early production of high yields but when these animals are moved on to a higher protein ration they are in a good state to produce the extra milk without drawing on body reserves. The extra protein is also likely to boost intakes.

By studying the routine monthly recordings the extent of the response can be seen clearly (Table 2). The average yield increase from the first recording, which was on average day 13 after calving, and the second recording was 7.7 litres. Table 2 also gives the separate response for cows and heifers and as expected the yield increase for cows is more dramatic. Heifers normally have a much flatter lactation curve but it is still important to maintain condition in early lactation.

Whereas cows should not lose excessive condition in early lactation it is also important the cow in late lactation should not become fat. Whereas the fresh cow ration has a lower protein to limit milk production a stale cow should be on a ration where the protein content must not fall in order to avoid these cows becoming too fat.

       

Table 1.

Ingredient

Maize silage

Grass Silage

Whole Crop Wheat

Grainsoy

Blend 24

Fresh Cow Pellets

Kg /cow/day

22.0

4.0

4.0

3.75

4.25

4.0

 

Table 2

 

Average days Calved

Cows & Heifers (27)

Cows (16)

Heifers (11)

First Recording

13 days

32.4

35.3

28.1

Second Recording

44 days

40.41

44

34.4

 

 

+7.7 litres

+8.7 litres

+6.3 litres

 

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